International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cambrian of China | Permian of North America | Cenozoic Subepochs | Cambrian Epochs | European Faunal Units | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||
| Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||||
| Wordian | Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||
| Roadian | Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Leonardian | Cathedralian | 273.01 | ||||||
| Hessian | 281.9 * | |||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Wolfcampian | Lenoxian | 286.1 * | ||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | Nealian | 293.52 | ||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
| Tremadocian | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Niuchehean | Taoyuanian † | Late Cambrian | 485.4 | ||||
| Jiangshanian | Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||
| Paibian | Paibian | 494 | ||||||||
| Waergangian †/Youshuanian | 494.9 * | |||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Guzhangian | Wangcunian † | Middle Cambrian | 497 | |||||
| Drumian | Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||
| Wuliuan | Wuliuan/Taijangian | 504.5 | ||||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | Duyunian | Early Cambrian | 509 | ||||||
| Stage 3 | Nangaoian | 514 | ||||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | Meishucunian | 521 | |||||||
| Fortunian | 529 | |||||||||
| Jinnigian | 530.7 | |||||||||
| 538.8 | ||||||||||