PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian			Wordian												264.28
		Wordian			Wordian					Noginskian							264.9 *
		Roadian			Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian											273.01
						Cathedralian				Pavlovoposadian							276.8 *
						Hessian											281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian											283.5
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
										Rusavkinian							287.6 *
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian				Nealian											293.52
		Asselian				Nealian							Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †						Kuzel				298.9
													Stephanian	Stephanian C			300.3 *
			Stephanian B	300.9 *
			Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
			Cantabrian	Khamovnikian				305 *
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
				Krevyakinian				305.9
		Moscovian		Myachkovian				307
			Westphalian	Myachkovian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Podolskian				Westphalian D	308.9 *
				Podolskian				Westphalian C	309.8
				Kashirian					311.4 *
				Vereian					313.8
				Vereian				Westphalian B	314.6
				Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian					315.2
				Cheremshanian					316.9 *
				Cheremshanian				Westphalian A	317 *
				Prikamian				Westphalian A	318.6 *
			Namurian	Prikamian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Severokeltmian				Yeadonian	319.9 *
				Severokeltmian				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian				Marsdenian	321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Voznesenian				Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian				Chokierian	323.2
				Zapaltjubian				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Protvian					324.4 *
				Steshevian					326.8 *
				Steshevian				Pendleian	327.4 *
				Tarusian				Pendleian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	Warnantian				Brigantian †	330.9
			Mikhailovian						331.9 *
			Aleksinian						333.7 *
			Tulian						335.8 *
			Tulian	Livian				Asbian †	336.3 *
			Bobrikian	Livian				Asbian †	339.9 *
			Bobrikian	Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Radaevkian	Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Ivorian					346.7
			Kizelian						350.7 *
			Cherepetian						351.9 *
			Cherepetian	Hastarian					353.7 *
			Karakubian						354.4 *
			Upinian						356.3 *
			Malevkian						357.6 *
			Gumerovian						358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian							489.5
												Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian				Paibian							494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †				Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian					Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian					Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian			Caerfai		Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4				Duyunian					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3				Nangaoian					Dyeran				514
											Montezuman				514.8 *
											Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian									521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian									529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian									530.7
																	538.8