PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian								MN 17				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								MN 16				2.58
		Piacenzian								MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean								MN 15				3.6
										MN 14				4.2
										MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13				5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12				7.246
										MN 11				7.75
										MN 10				8.7
										MN 9				9.7
										MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian								MN 7 + 8				11.63
		Serravallian								MN 6				12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5				13.82
		Burdigalian								MN 4				15.98
										MN 3				16.9
										MN 2				20
		Aquitanian								MN 2				20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Xiaodushanian	300 *
					300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian		365.3 *
					Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
					Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian			Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani			433.4
		Telychian			Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Tremadocian						477.7
		Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian						Paibian					494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
									Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian						Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian						Drumian		Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian		Amgan/Solvan			509
			Toyonian							Lenian †	510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian					Nangaoian			514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian					Nangaoian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian								Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							Manykaian †	530.7
														538.8