PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian				3
		Zanclean								Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian				13.82
										Clifdenian				15.1
									Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian				23.03
										Duntroonian				25.2
										Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
									Arnold	Runangan				34.6
										Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian				41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
										Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan				47.8
										Mangaorapan				48.9
										Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian				56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian								Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
										Mangaotanean				90.5
										Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan				93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
										Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan				100.5
										Urutawan				103.3
									Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian								Korangan				113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Autunian			Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Bolindian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Eastonian			Kralodvorian		449 *
					Eastonian			Berounian		449.7 *
					Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian							458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian				Klabava †			467.3
					Yapeenian			Arenigian				468
					Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
					Bendigonian							471.8 *
					Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian			Warendian			Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †					485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian			Paibian								494
		Paibian			Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian			Wangcunian †					497
		Drumian			Drumian			Wangcunian †					500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian								530.7
														538.8