PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
		Zanclean						Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean						Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian						Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian						Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian						Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian						Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian						Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian						Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan					150
							Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian					Warepan					208.5
							Otamitan					217
							Oretian					221
		Carnian					Oretian					227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian					Etalian					238
		Anisian					Etalian					242
		Anisian					Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian					249
		Induan	251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian	Leine		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian	Leine		Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian						Paibian		494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian					530.7
												538.8