PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of Australia	Permian of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian									Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian									Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian									Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian		Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian		Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian						264.28
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
						Filipovian						276.5 *
						Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	443.8
		Katian					Bolindian	445.2
							Eastonian	449 *
							Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian					Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian					Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
							Bendigonian	471.8 *
							Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian					Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian					Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean			Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian			Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian					Paibian				494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	St Davids		497
		Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian		Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian				530.7
												538.8