PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of Britain			Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian															66
		Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan															72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
		Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian								Longtanian †					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian													259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian													264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian													266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian													270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian													273.01
							Filipovian													276.5 *
							Saraninian													280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian													283.5
							Irginian													285.9 *
							Burtsevian													287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian													290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian													291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian													293.52
							Uskalykian													294.8
			Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill		Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Cautleyan				448.9 *
							Pusgillian				449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
							Streffordian		Berounian			449.7 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
							Aurelucian									456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
										Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn									458.4
									Dobrotivian							458.5 *
									Oretanian							459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn									461.3 *
										Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †						467.3
									Arenigian							468
					Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian								470
							Whitlandian								471.1 *
							Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc		Migneintian		Tremadocian						477.7
					Tremadoc		Cressagian								480.8 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean						Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian							Paibian								494
		Paibian							Paibian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian						Wangcunian †		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Drumian						Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian									Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian	530.7
																				538.8