PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6										0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean									Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean									Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian									Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5						Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian									Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian									Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian									Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian									Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3										33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3										37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2										41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1										56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8										66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7										72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6										83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4										100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3										113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2										121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2										125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1										132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4										165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4										168.2
				Aalenian			Jurassic 3										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian			Jurassic 1										192.9
				Hettangian			Jurassic 1										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian					Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
				Carnian			Triassic 3		Oretian								227
				Carnian			Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian					Etalian								238
				Anisian					Etalian								242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5				303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2				330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5					443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5					445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †	Cambrian 5	485.4
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian		Paibian							494
			Paibian		Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian					Wangcunian †	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian		Drumian					Wangcunian †	Cambrian 4		500.5
			Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian					Cambrian 3	Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian					Cambrian 3			509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian					Cambrian 2			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian					Cambrian 2			521
	Fortunian		Cambrian 1		Meishucunian					529
	Fortunian		Cambrian 1		Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635