PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †								Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian																		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
				Artinskian																Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
				Kasimovian															Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
				Moscovian															Middle Pennsylvanian			307
				Bashkirian															Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Late Mississippian			323.2
				Visean															Middle Mississippian			330.9
				Tournaisian															Early Mississippian			346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																	Late Famennian	358.9
Middle Famennian					365.3 *
Early Famennian					368.5 *
Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
						Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
						Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian				450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
			Sandbian			Chatfieldian				453
						Turinian				453.7 *
						Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
					Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
							Dobrotivian							458.5 *
							Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
							Arenigian							468
						Rangerian								469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian			Tulean									473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
						Stairsian									480.3 *
	Skullrockian					Demingian †								482 *
Cambrian	Skullrockian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan			487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan			489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean			493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
			Stage 4													Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3													Dyeran	514
																Montezuman	514.8 *
																Begadean	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																						635