PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean						Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean									0.0004
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean									0.014
				Chibanian									Rancholabrean									0.129
													Irvingtonian									0.21
																				Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian																		0.774
													Blancan									1.4
																				Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian																Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian																Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian																Waipipian		3
				Zanclean																Waipipian		3.6
																				Opoitian		3.7
													Hemphillian							Opoitian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian																Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian																	Pannonian	7.246
													Clarendonian									9.4
																			Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian																	Sarmatian	11.63
													Barstovian								Sarmatian	12.5
																					Badenian	12.8 *
																				Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
				Langhian																Lillburnian		13.82
																				Clifdenian		15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian																		15.98
													Hemingfordian									16.3
													Arikareean									18.5
																				Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian																Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25								Waitakian		23.03
																				Duntroonian		25.2
																				Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian							MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21											27.82
													Whitneyan									29.5
													Orellan									31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian									33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																				Kaiatan		36.7
													Duchesnean									37
				Bartonian							MP 16											37.71
																				Bortonian		39.1
													Uintan									39.7
				Lutetian							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11											41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																				Heretaungan		45.7
													Bridgerian									46.2
				Ypresian							MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7											47.8
																				Mangaorapan		48.9
													Wasatchian							Mangaorapan		50.5
													Wasatchian							Waipawan		52
													Clarkforkian							Waipawan		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian							Teurian		56
				Thanetian							MP 6		Tiffanian									56.2
				Selandian									Tiffanian									59.2
				Selandian									Torrejonian									60.9
				Danian									Torrejonian									61.6
Puercan	63.8			Danian
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian	Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian						86.3
			Turonian						89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic		Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian					Korangan	113
			Aptian						117.5
			Barremian						121.4
			Hauterivian			Neocomian			125.77
			Valanginian						132.6
			Berriasian						139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
			Kimmeridgian						149.2
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Pliensbachian						184.2
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian						Wordian	264.28
			Roadian						Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
			Kungurian							Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian							Hessian		283.5
			Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
			Sakmarian							Lenoxian		290.1
			Asselian							Nealian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Kasimovian									303.7
			Moscovian									307
			Bashkirian									315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
			Visean									330.9
			Tournaisian									346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Gamachian						Chientangkiangian			445.2
					Richmondian						Chientangkiangian			446 *
					Richmondian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
					Maysvillian									Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian										450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian										451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian										453
					Turinian			453.7 *
				Whiterockian				Canadian †						Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
			Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
			Dapingian								Dapingian				467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian	469.1 *					Dapingian
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †				Yiyangian			470
			Floian		Tulean						Yiyangian			473.9 *
			Tremadocian								Xinchangian			477.7
													Lianghekou †	477.9 *
					Stairsian									480.3 *
					Skullrockian		Demingian †							482 *
							Demingian †							Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10														487.5
			Jiangshanian														489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
														Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian														494
			Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian											Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian											Mayan/Menevian			500.5
Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan											504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan											509
			Toyonian											Lenian †	510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian												514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian												515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian												521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian											Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
																						635