PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan													Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian													Chhidru	254.14
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian										Wordian				264.28
																265.3 *
															Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian										Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian										Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean			Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian				Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
													Aksaian	490.7 *
													Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian											Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian											Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian											Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan											Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan												505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian		509
													Toyonian	510 *
													Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3											Botomian	514
		Stage 3											Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian	521
		Stage 2		525.5
		Fortunian		529
																538.8