PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian											Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian										Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian											Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian										Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian										Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian										Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian										Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian										Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Aptian										Cretaceous 3					113
				Barremian										Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian										Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian										Cretaceous 1					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 6					145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 5					149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan							150
												Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian										Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian										Jurassic 4					168.2
				Aalenian										Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan		Jurassic 2					184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran		Jurassic 2					188.9
				Sinemurian										Jurassic 1					192.9
				Hettangian										Jurassic 1					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian		Triassic 4					201.4
				Norian								Warepan							208.5
												Otamitan							217
												Oretian							221
				Carnian								Oretian		Triassic 3					227
				Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan		Triassic 3					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan		Triassic 2					237
				Ladinian								Etalian							238
				Anisian								Etalian							242
				Anisian								Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian		Triassic 1					247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian			253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian			254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan			254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian					264.28
							Noginskian	264.9 *
					Barettian			266
			Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
					Mangapirian			276
							Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
			Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
							Krevyakinian	305.8 *
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
			Visean			Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1				433.4
	Aeronian		438.5
	Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian				Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian					445.2
						Richmondian					446 *
						Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian						450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian						451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian				Ordovician 4		453
						Turinian						453.7 *
			Whiterockian								Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3			458.4
		Dapingian								Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean	473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean	Ordovician 1	477.7
				Stairsian		480.3 *
				Skullrockian		Demingian †				482 *
						Demingian †				Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Datsonian	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
											Payntonian					486.8 *
											Payntonian					487.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian					489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian									Idamean					494
		Paibian									Idamean				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Mindyallan	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian			497
											Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian			499
											Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian									Undillan					500.5
		Drumian									Floran					503
		Wuliuan									Templetonian	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan									Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
													Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
													Toyonian			510.8 *
													Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3										Cambrian 2	Botomian			514
		Stage 3											Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian			521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian										Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					1200										Yurmatian
		Ectasian					Burzyan										1375
																			1400