PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan										150
										Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian								Warepan										208.5
										Otamitan										217
										Oretian										221
		Carnian								Oretian										227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian								Etalian										238
		Anisian								Etalian										242
		Anisian								Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian										247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian										249
		Induan								Nelsonian										251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan										251.902
		Changhsingian								Waiitian										253.2
		Wuchiapingian								Waiitian					Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Puruhauan					Longtanian †					254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Aparima	Flettian										259.51
		Wordian	264.28							Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian	266
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
			Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian		Gamachian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian			Kralodvorian		446 *
							Richmondian			Berounian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian						450.4 *
					Mohawkian		Chatfieldian						451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian						453
							Turinian						453.7 *
							Turinian						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
					Whiterockian							Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian															458.4
										Dobrotivian							458.5 *
										Oretanian							459.7 *
											Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †						467.3
										Arenigian							468
							Rangerian										469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian		Blackhillsian									Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean											473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean			Tremadocian								477.7
							Stairsian											480.3 *
							Skullrockian										Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian											485.4
		Stage 10																487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †			497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509