PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan			150
										Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian								Warepan			208.5
										Otamitan			217
										Oretian			221
		Carnian								Oretian			227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian								Etalian			238
		Anisian								Etalian			242
		Anisian								Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian			249
		Induan								Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan	Melekhovian		251.902
		Changhsingian								Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian								Waiitian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Puruhauan			254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Aparima	Flettian			259.51
		Wordian											264.28
											Noginskian		264.9 *
										Barettian			266
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
										Mangapirian			276
											Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian											283.5
										Telfordian			285
										Telfordian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
													288.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Kasimovian									Dorogomilovian		303.7
											Khamovnikian		304.8
											Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Prikamian	318.6 *
			Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian	446 *
					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
					Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †			470
		Floian			Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
					Stairsian				480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian				485.4
													487.5