PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian														Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian														Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian														Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian												Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan				56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian													Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan							150
										Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian								Warepan							208.5
										Otamitan							217
										Oretian							221
		Carnian								Oretian							227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian								Etalian							238
		Anisian								Etalian							242
		Anisian								Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian							249
		Induan								Nelsonian							251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan	Meishanian						251.902
										Waiitian	Meishanian						253.2
											Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian						254.14
										Puruhauan	Laoshanian						254.2
										Puruhauan	Laibinian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Aparima	Flettian	Lengwuan						259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28						Flettian
		Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
			Longlinian	Telfordian	285.4 *
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Datsonian	485.4
												Payntonian	486.8 *
												Payntonian	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Iverian	489.5
		Paibian										Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian										Boomerangian	499
		Drumian										Undillan	500.5
		Drumian										Floran	503
		Wuliuan										Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan										Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		509								Ordian
																	510.8 *