PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Chibanian								Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian								Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian								Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian								Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian								Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian	Tertiary †							2.58
				Piacenzian								Waipipian								3
				Zanclean								Waipipian								3.6
				Zanclean								Opoitian								3.7
			Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian								Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian								Tongaporutuan								7.246
				Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan								11.04
				Serravallian								Waiauan								11.63
				Serravallian								Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian								Lillburnian								13.82
												Clifdenian								15.1
											Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian								Altonian								15.98
				Burdigalian								Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian								Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian								23.03
												Duntroonian								25.2
												Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
											Arnold	Runangan								34.6
												Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian								Kaiatan								37.71
				Bartonian								Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian								Bortonian								41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
												Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian								Heretaungan								47.8
												Mangaorapan								48.9
												Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian								56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian								66
				Campanian								Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian								Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
												Mangaotanean								90.5
												Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian								Arowhanan								93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
												Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan								100.5
												Urutawan								103.3
											Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian								Korangan								113
				Aptian																117.5
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
			Asselian				Nealian	Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	Kuzel	298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
								Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
								Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian								307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
								Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
										Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
								Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
									Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian		Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean						Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
									Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
								Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean	Ivorian		346.7
								Kinderhookian	Ivorian		351.9 *
								Kinderhookian	Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian	Siegen							407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Gamachian			Pirgu	445.2
												Richmondian				446 *
													Eastonian			449 *
															Vormsi	449.6 *
												Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
Nabala												Maysvillian			Johvi †		450 *
Nabala												Edenian					450.4 *
Viru					Rakvere							Edenian		450.6 *
					Rakvere						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
					Gisbornian								Oandu	452 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Turinian	Keila		453.7 *
													Haljala		453.9
													Kukruse		456.4 *
											Whiterockian		Kukruse		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian								Uhaku				458.4
						Lasnamagi	458.9 *
						Aseri	460.4 *
Oeland						Kunda	462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum						464.3 *
						Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Yapeenian									467.3
					Castlemainian									468.5 *
												Rangerian		469.1 *
						Billingen						Rangerian		469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian						Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †		Chewtonian	470
							Latorp †									Chewtonian	470.1 *
																Bendigonian	471.8 *
																Lancefieldian	473.5 *
						Hunneberg											473.7 *
											Tulean						473.9 *
			Tremadocian								Tulean						477.7
											Stairsian						480.3 *
						Varangu					Stairsian						481.3 *
						Varangu					Skullrockian			Demingian †			482 *
						Pakerort											482.2 *
																Warendian	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
			Jiangshanian														489.5
			Paibian														494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4															509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian															Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian	1000														Karatau
			Stenian	Yurmatian														1100
			Ectasian	Yurmatian														1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan														1375
																				1400