PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian						Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian								3
		Zanclean								Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian								13.82
										Clifdenian								15.1
									Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian								23.03
										Duntroonian								25.2
										Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
									Arnold	Runangan								34.6
										Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian								41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
										Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan								47.8
										Mangaorapan								48.9
										Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian								56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian								Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
										Mangaotanean								90.5
										Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan								93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
										Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan								100.5
										Urutawan								103.3
									Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian								Korangan								113
		Aptian																117.5
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan	150
					Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
					Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian			259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
					Barettian			266
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb		266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian						Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian	323.2
		Visean						Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian					351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian								Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
															Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	487.5
															Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian					494								Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai										509
	Series 2	Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
																		538.8