PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian											2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian											3
		Zanclean								Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan											11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian											13.82
										Clifdenian											15.1
									Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
										Duntroonian											25.2
										Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian																	Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
									Arnold	Runangan											34.6
										Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian											41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
										Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan										Bumbanian	47.8
										Mangaorapan											48.9
										Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian									Gashatan		56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian											66
		Campanian								Haumurian											72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
										Mangaotanean											90.5
										Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan											93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
										Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan											100.5
										Urutawan											103.3
									Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian								Korangan											113
		Aptian																			117.5
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb	266.9
		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean			Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian					Gamachian	Bolindian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian				Pirgu	445.2
								Richmondian					446 *
									Eastonian				449 *
												Vormsi	449.6 *
								Maysvillian				Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian				Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian				Nabala			450.4 *
								Edenian			Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
			Mohawkian					Chatfieldian				Rakvere			451.1 *
									Gisbornian			Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian										Keila		Idavere †	453
								Turinian				Keila			453.7 *
												Haljala			453.9
												Kukruse			456.4 *
			Whiterockian									Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian			Uhaku				458.4
												Lasnamagi				458.9 *
												Aseri				460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
												Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian								467.3
									Castlemainian								468.5 *
								Rangerian									469.1 *
								Rangerian				Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †						Chewtonian		470
														Latorp †	Chewtonian		470.1 *
															Bendigonian		471.8 *
															Lancefieldian		473.5 *
												Hunneberg					473.7 *
				Tulean													473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean													477.7
				Stairsian													480.3 *
				Stairsian								Varangu					481.3 *
				Skullrockian					Demingian †			Varangu					482 *
												Pakerort					482.2 *
															Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10															Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			494													Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian												Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian													500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan													504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran													506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran												Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran													511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran		514
					Montezuman		514.8 *
					Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
																					538.8