PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene			0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian	Late Pliocene			2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian	Late Pliocene			3
				Zanclean											Waipipian	Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean											Opoitian	Early Pliocene			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene			5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian											Tongaporutuan				7.246
				Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian											Waiauan	Middle Miocene			11.63
				Serravallian											Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian											Lillburnian				13.82
															Clifdenian				15.1
														Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian											Altonian	Early Miocene			15.98
				Burdigalian											Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian	Late Oligocene			23.03
															Duntroonian				25.2
															Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian												Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene			33.9
														Arnold	Runangan				34.6
															Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan	Middle Eocene			37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian				41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
															Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan	Early Eocene			47.8
															Mangaorapan				48.9
															Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian	Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian											Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
															Mangaotanean				90.5
															Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan				93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
															Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan				100.5
															Urutawan				103.3
														Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian											Korangan				113
				Aptian															117.5
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian					Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian	467.3
			Dapingian	Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian				Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
										Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10								Niuchehean					487.5
			Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian					489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian								Paibian					494
															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
												Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian								Guzhangian		499.5
Mayan/Menevian			Drumian								Drumian		500.5
Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian									Amgan/Solvan	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Duyunian									Amgan/Solvan	509
												Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
												Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian									Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian									Atdabanian		515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian									Tommotian		521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian											Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian										Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																			1400