PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Lancian/Edmontonian			66
				Campanian													Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														Vokhmian		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														Vokhmian		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian											Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
				Roadian											Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
				Kungurian												Hessian				281.9 *
				Artinskian												Hessian				283.5
				Artinskian											Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
				Sakmarian												Lenoxian				290.1
				Asselian												Nealian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
							Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
							Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
									Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
							Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
									Haljala			453.9
									Kukruse			456.4 *
						Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †			457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku					458.4
									Lasnamagi					458.9 *
									Aseri					460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
			Dapingian														467.3
							Rangerian										469.1 *
							Rangerian		Billingen								469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †		470
											Latorp †								470.1 *
									Hunneberg										473.7 *
							Tulean												473.9 *
			Tremadocian				Tulean												477.7
	Stairsian						480.3 *
	Stairsian						Varangu		481.3 *
	Skullrockian						Varangu		Demingian †				482 *
							Pakerort		Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort						485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													487.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †				497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													509
		Series 2	Stage 3													514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian															Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
			Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																				1400