PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Britain	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian											66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic											100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian											125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Buntsandstein							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Buntsandstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian											Leine							264.28
				Roadian																		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian																Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian																Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian																Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian																Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian																Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian																Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																Chesterian		323.2
				Visean																Chesterian		330.9
																				Meramecian		335.8 *
																				Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian																Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian																Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian								Frasnian									Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian									Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Couvinien									Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian																	Emsian	393.3
				Pragian																	Siegen	407.6
				Pragian								Coblencien									Siegen	408.2 *
				Lochkovian								Gedinnine									Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli																			419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian																		423
			Ludlow	Gorstian																		425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian																		427.4
Sheinwoodian			Wenlock	430.5
Llandovery			Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
					Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
					Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian				450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian				453
					Turinian				453.7 *
					Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
							Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Oretanian							459.7 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †						467.3
						Arenigian							468
					Rangerian								469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian		Tulean									473.9 *
			Tremadocian		Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
					Stairsian									480.3 *
					Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
														Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
	Festiniogian													489.2 *
			Jiangshanian											489.5
														Steptoean			493 *
	Maentwrogian																493.1 *
	Maentwrogian		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids											Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan												Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai											Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian													Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau				1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan				1375
																						1400