PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of the Baltic		Permian of the Salt Range
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian					100.5
											Middle Albian					106.2 *
											Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian					113
		Aptian									Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian					139.8
											Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
											Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian					174.7
											Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
											Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian									Sevatian					208.5
											Alaunian					213.2 *
											Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian									Tuvalian					227
		Carnian									Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian					237
		Ladinian									Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian									Illyrian					242
											Pelsonian					243.8 *
											Bithynian					244.7 *
											Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian									Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan									Dienerian					251.2
											Griesbachian					251.4 *
											Griesbachian				Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian													Chhidru	254.14
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
																265.3 *
															Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian													Amb	266.9
		Roadian														270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
					Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
					Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
					Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
					Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
					Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
							Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian					Keila		Idavere †	453
					Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
							Haljala			453.9
							Kukruse			456.4 *
				Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
							Uhaku		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku					458.4
							Lasnamagi					458.9 *
							Aseri					460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
							Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
							Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
					Rangerian								469.1 *
					Rangerian		Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
									Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
					Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean							477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Stairsian		Varangu					481.3 *
					Skullrockian		Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
							Pakerort					Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort						485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian	509
		Stage 3											Branchian	514
		Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8