PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian										Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian										Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian										Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian										Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian										Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian										Waipipian	3
				Zanclean										Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean										Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian										Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian										Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian										Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian										Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian										Lillburnian	13.82
														Clifdenian	15.1
													Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian										Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian										Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian										Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian	23.03
														Duntroonian	25.2
														Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
													Arnold	Runangan	34.6
														Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian										Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian										Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian										Bortonian	41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
														Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian										Heretaungan	47.8
														Mangaorapan	48.9
														Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian	56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian										Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian										Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
														Mangaotanean	90.5
														Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian										Arowhanan	93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
														Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan	100.5
														Urutawan	103.3
													Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian										Korangan	113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Dapingian						467.3
			Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
				Stairsian		480.3 *
				Skullrockian		Demingian †			482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Skullrockian					Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10							487.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian						Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian							499.5
			Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian						Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan						Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan							505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
									Toyonian	510 *
									Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3						Botomian	514
Atdabanian			Stage 3						515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400