PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian																				11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Senonian						66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Gallic						100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian														Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															Melekhovian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Wordian															Noginskian					264.9 *
		Roadian																				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Kungurian															Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian															Pavlovoposadian					283.5
		Artinskian															Rusavkinian					287.6 *
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian															Dorogomilovian					303.7
																	Khamovnikian					304.8
																	Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian															Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
			Cheremshanian		316.9 *
			Prikamian		318.6 *
			Severokeltmian		319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
			Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Protvian		324.4 *
			Steshevian		326.8 *
			Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		Rawtheyan		445.2
							Richmondian		Rawtheyan		446 *
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian						450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
									Cheneyan				451.5 *
									Cheneyan	Gisbornian			452 *
									Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
											Actonian †		453.2 *
							Turinian				Actonian †		453.7 *
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
						Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian				458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian				461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian				467.3
								Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian				468.4 *
											Castlemainian				468.5 *
							Rangerian				Castlemainian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	Chewtonian	470
									Whitlandian						Chewtonian	471.1 *
															Bendigonian	471.8 *
															Lancefieldian	473.5 *
							Tulean									473.9 *
									Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
							Stairsian		Migneintian							480.3 *
							Stairsian		Cressagian							480.8 *
							Skullrockian							Demingian †		482 *
															Warendian	482.8 *
															Warendian	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
																		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
																		Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian			Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian													Paibian					494
		Paibian													Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	St Davids			497
		Drumian													Drumian	Wangcunian †					500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian														Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian															521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian															529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian															530.7
																						538.8