PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian											Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
															Kawhia	Ohauan					150
																Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian												Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian												Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian												Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian												Warepan					208.5
																Otamitan					217
																Oretian					221
				Carnian												Oretian					227
				Carnian											Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian												Etalian					238
				Anisian												Etalian					242
				Anisian												Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian												Nelsonian					249
				Induan												Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan											DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian												Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †				Waiitian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †				Puruhauan					254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				264.28												Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
										Edenian			450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian			453
										Turinian			453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
			Dapingian											467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean					477.7
										Stairsian					480.3 *
	Skullrockian									Demingian †				482 *
										Demingian †				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
														Payntonian				486.8 *
												487.5		Payntonian
			Jiangshanian									Iverian		489.5
														Aksaian	490.7 *
														Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian									Idamean			494
			Paibian									Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
														Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
				Mayan/Menevian	499.5									Boomerangian
			Drumian		Undillan									500.5
			Drumian		Floran									503
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †	Templetonian									Amgan/Solvan	504.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †	Ordian										507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4												509
														Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
														Toyonian		510.8 *
														Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3											Botomian		514
			Stage 3											Atdabanian		515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian		521
			Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
			Fortunian											Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																	635
			Tonian																	720
			Tonian																Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
			Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian																Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian																Burzyan	1375
																					1400