PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127980 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian													Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian													Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian													Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian					66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic					100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian										Neocomian					125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian											Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
															Kawhia	Ohauan			150
																Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian												Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian												Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian												Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian												Warepan			208.5
																Otamitan			217
																Oretian			221
				Carnian												Oretian			227
				Carnian											Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian												Etalian			238
				Anisian												Etalian			242
				Anisian												Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Malakovian			247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
					Barettian			266
						Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
					Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
						Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
						Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
									Richmondian	Chientangkiangian			446 *
									Richmondian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
									Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian					450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
			Sandbian						Chatfieldian					453
									Turinian					453.7 *
								Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
			Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
			Dapingian							Dapingian					467.3
			Dapingian						Rangerian	Dapingian					469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
			Floian						Tulean						Yiyangian	473.9 *
			Tremadocian												Xinchangian	477.7
												Lianghekou †				477.9 *
									Stairsian							480.3 *
									Skullrockian					Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian							485.4
			Stage 10													487.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
			Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †													497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															1000
		Ectasian															1200
		Calymmian															1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian															1600
		Orosirian															1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																			4600