PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Australia	Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian																				11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian															Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian															Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian															Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
																	Planulata					179.3 *
																	Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
																	Kanense					181.3 *
																	Carlottense					182.3 *
																	Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian															Kunae					184.2
																	Freboldi					185.1 *
																	Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
																		Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
																	Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian																				192.9
																	Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
																	Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian															Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
		Induan																				251.2
		Induan																			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian											Kathwai	251.902
																						252.4 *
																					Chhidru	252.9 *
										Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Richmondian				446 *
									Eastonian			449 *
										Berounian		449.7 *
								Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian					450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
									Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian											453
								Turinian					453.7 *
								Turinian					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian					Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian							458.4
										Dobrotivian						458.5 *
										Oretanian						459.7 *
											Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian		Klabava †					467.3
									Yapeenian	Arenigian						468
									Castlemainian							468.5 *
								Rangerian	Castlemainian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †						Cassinian †	Chewtonian	470
																Bendigonian	471.8 *
																Lancefieldian	473.5 *
								Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean		Tremadocian							477.7
								Stairsian									480.3 *
								Skullrockian							Demingian †		482 *
				Warendian											Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
																Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
																Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian											493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids											Series 3 †		497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai														509
	Series 2	Stage 3																	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
																						538.8