PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127684 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian											Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian											Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian											Late Miocene			Pannonian			7.246
				Serravallian											Middle Miocene			Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian														Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian											Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian											Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian											Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian											Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian											Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian											Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian											Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian												Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
																Kawhia	Ohauan				150
																	Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian													Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian												Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian													Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian													Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian													Warepan				208.5
																	Otamitan				217
																	Oretian				221
				Carnian													Oretian				227
				Carnian												Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian													Etalian				238
				Anisian													Etalian				242
				Anisian													Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													Malakovian				247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian				Pirgu	446 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
								Berounian				449.7 *
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian				Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian				Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian		Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian								Keila		Idavere †	453
							Turinian				Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse					456.4 *
						Whiterockian					Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
										Liben †							458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
								Dobrotivian									458.5 *
								Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Oretanian			Lasnamagi						459.7 *
											Aseri						460.4 *
										Sarka †	Aseri						461.7 *
									Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
											Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
	Volkhov										Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka						467.1 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †							467.3
								Arenigian									468
							Rangerian										469.1 *
	Billingen						Rangerian										469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian									Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †							470.1 *
	Hunneberg																	473.7 *
							Tulean											473.9 *
			Tremadocian				Tulean	Tremadocian										477.7
							Stairsian											480.3 *
	Varangu						Stairsian											481.3 *
	Varangu			Skullrockian	Demingian †		482 *
	Pakerort				Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10													Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																Payntonian		486.8 *
																Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian													Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian													Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian													Idamean		Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian													Boomerangian			499
			Drumian													Undillan			500.5
			Drumian													Floran			503
			Wuliuan													Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
																Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
																Ordian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4													Ordian		Waucoban †	509
																			510.8 *
																	Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3														Dyeran		514
																	Montezuman		514.8 *
																	Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian																529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	538.8
			Cryogenian																	635
			Tonian																	720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	1000
			Ectasian																	1200
			Calymmian																	1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian																	1600
			Orosirian																	1800
			Rhyacian																	2050
			Siderian																	2300
Archean		Neoarchean																		2500
		Mesoarchean																		2800
		Paleoarchean																		3200
		Eoarchean																		3600
Hadean																				4000
																					4600