PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China	Permian of China
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Senonian				66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Gallic				100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian											Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian														Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian														Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian														Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian														Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian														Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian														Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian														Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian														Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian														Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian															300.1
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
		Visean															330.9
		Tournaisian															346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Late Famennian			358.9
														Middle Famennian			365.3 *
														Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian												Late Frasnian			372.2
														Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
														Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												Late Givetian			382.7
														Middle Givetian			383.7 *
														Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian												Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian												Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian												Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian												Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian												Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
					Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian					450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
					Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
						Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
					Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
					Skullrockian		Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10											Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian											Paibian		494
		Paibian											Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian											Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian											Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian											Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8