PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain				Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Calabrian																			0.774
		Gelasian																			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian											Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian											Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian											Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian											Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian											Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian											Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian											Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian												Wordian							264.28
		Roadian											Permian 3	Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
		Kungurian													Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian													Hessian						283.5
		Artinskian												Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						286.1 *
		Sakmarian													Lenoxian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian				Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		Rawtheyan		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian		Rawtheyan				446 *
									Cautleyan				448.9 *
									Pusgillian				449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
											Berounian			449.7 *
							Maysvillian							Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian								450.4 *
			Mohawkian				Chatfieldian								451.1 *
									Cheneyan						451.5 *
									Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian								Ordovician 4					453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
							Turinian						Actonian †		453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian									456.8 *
			Whiterockian											Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
												Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Ordovician 3						458.4
											Dobrotivian								458.5 *
											Oretanian								459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn										461.3 *
												Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian										Ordovician 2	Klabava †						467.3
											Arenigian								468
								Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
							Rangerian												469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian											Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian	471.1 *		Blackhillsian
				Whitlandian	Tulean		473.9 *
				Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian			477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian					480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian					480.8 *
					Skullrockian		Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Cambrian 5					485.4
		Stage 10																487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
		Paibian																494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian											Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan											Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1					529
																					538.8