PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America					Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	Senonian	66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	Gallic	100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																	Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian														Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian											Tatarian	Vyatkian		Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Severodvinian		Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian												Urzhumian						264.28
		Wordian												Urzhumian				Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian											Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian											Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
														Filipovian						276.5 *
														Filipovian				Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
														Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian											Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian				283.5
														Irginian						285.9 *
														Irginian				Rusavkinian		287.6 *
														Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian											Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian											Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian											Asselian	Shikhanian						293.52
														Uskalykian						294.8
														Surenian						297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Kasimovian																Dorogomilovian		303.7
																		Khamovnikian		304.8
																		Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian																Myachkovian		307
																		Podolskian		308.9 *
																		Kashirian		311.4 *
																		Vereian		313.8
																		Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian																Melekessian		315.2
																		Cheremshanian		316.9 *
																		Prikamian		318.6 *
																		Severokeltmian		319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
			Middle Famennian		365.3 *
			Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		382.7
			Middle Givetian		383.7 *
			Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian				Rawtheyan	446 *
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian					449.7 *
						Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian							450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian							451.1 *
										Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
											Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian					Actonian †		453.7 *
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Aurelucian						456.8 *
			Whiterockian									Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
									Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
							Dobrotivian										458.5 *
							Oretanian										459.7 *
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
									Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †								467.3
							Arenigian										468
								Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
						Rangerian											469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian										Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian		Blackhillsian				471.1 *
				Whitlandian		Tulean				473.9 *
				Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
						Stairsian			Migneintian	480.3 *
						Stairsian			Cressagian	480.8 *
						Skullrockian			Cressagian	Demingian †							482 *
										Demingian †							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10															485.4
		Stage 10															487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															497
		Guzhangian															Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Branchian	509
		Stage 3			514												Branchian
		Stage 3			Placentian												517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																				538.8