PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America					Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †		Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian													Leine		264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
		Visean															330.9
		Tournaisian															346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian		443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		445.2
						Richmondian		446 *
						Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian			450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian			453
						Turinian			453.7 *
				Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean					477.7
						Stairsian					480.3 *
						Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †		497
		Drumian										Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran	Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4											Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran			514
													Montezuman			514.8 *
													Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8