PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Devonian of France	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian								Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian								Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian								Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian																Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian																Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian																	Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian																		305.9
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		323.2
		Visean																		330.9
		Tournaisian																		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian		Adorf									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian		Gamachian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian			Kralodvorian		446 *
							Richmondian			Berounian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian						450.4 *
					Mohawkian		Chatfieldian						451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian						453
							Turinian						453.7 *
							Turinian						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Whiterockian							Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
										Dobrotivian						458.5 *
										Oretanian						459.7 *
											Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian						468
							Rangerian									469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian		Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean										473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean			Tremadocian							477.7
							Stairsian										480.3 *
							Skullrockian									Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian										485.4
																				487.5