PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127308 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of North America	Permian Subages of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform			Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Buntsandstein	Melekhovian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Buntsandstein						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian								Leine						264.28
				Wordian								Leine	Noginskian					264.9 *
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Kungurian									Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
				Artinskian									Pavlovoposadian					283.5
				Artinskian									Rusavkinian					287.6 *
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian							Bursumian †							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian							298.9
				Kasimovian							Missourian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
													Khamovnikian					304.8
													Krevyakinian					305.8 *
											Desmoinesian		Krevyakinian					305.9 *
				Moscovian									Myachkovian					307
													Podolskian					308.9 *
													Kashirian					311.4 *
											Atokan		Kashirian					312.7 *
													Vereian					313.8
													Melekessian					314.8
				Bashkirian									Melekessian					315.2
													Cheremshanian					316.9 *
											Morrowan		Cheremshanian					318.4 *
													Prikamian					318.6 *
													Severokeltmian					319.9 *
													Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
													Voznesenian					321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian		Zapaltjubian					323.2
													Protvian					324.4 *
													Steshevian					326.8 *
													Tarusian					329 *
				Visean									Venevian					330.9
													Mikhailovian					331.9 *
													Aleksinian					333.7 *
											Meramecian		Tulian					335.8 *
											Meramecian		Bobrikian					339.9 *
											Osagean		Bobrikian					343.1 *
													Radaevkian					343.4 *
				Tournaisian									Kosvian					346.7
													Kizelian					350.7 *
											Kinderhookian		Cherepetian					351.9 *
													Karakubian					354.4 *
													Upinian					356.3 *
													Malevkian					357.6 *
													Gumerovian					358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian													Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian													Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian													Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian													Emsian	393.3
				Pragian													Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian													Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
			Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian												Gleedonian		427.4
				Homerian												Whitwellian		429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian														430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian														433.4
				Aeronian														438.5
				Rhuddanian														440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian	445.2
				Richmondian	446 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian		450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian		453
				Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean				477.7
				Stairsian				480.3 *
				Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
							Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan				509
								Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
								Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian				514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian				521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																		1400