PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian of France	Permian of Western Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Calabrian																			0.774
		Gelasian																			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																		Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean																		Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Tortonian																		Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																		Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian																		Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																		Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian																		Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian																		Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
		Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian											Bumbanian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan									56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Zechstein										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes										259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Artinskian									Autunian										283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian																			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †												298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7						Mapingian †
		Kasimovian		305.9
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Couvinien	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	Pragian	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
								Richmondian	Kralodvorian			446 *
								Richmondian	Berounian			449.7 *
								Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian					450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian					453
								Turinian					453.7 *
								Turinian					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian					Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
									Dobrotivian							458.5 *
									Oretanian							459.7 *
										Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †						467.3
									Arenigian							468
								Rangerian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
								Stairsian									480.3 *
								Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian						Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran								Waucoban †						509
		Stage 4	Dyeran														511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran														514
			Montezuman														514.8 *
			Begadean														519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																					538.8