PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of China	Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian											Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian											Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian								300 *
		Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian								303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun								305.8 *
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
								Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian				450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian				453
								Turinian				453.7 *
								Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
									Dobrotivian						458.5 *
									Oretanian						459.7 *
										Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
									Arenigian						468
								Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian								485.4
																	487.5