PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Cisuralian	Asselian							Kuzel												297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																			298.9
																					Xiaodushanian		300 *
											Stephanian	Stephanian C											300.3 *
												Stephanian B											300.9 *
												Stephanian A											301.4 *
				Kasimovian								Stephanian A											303.7
												Cantabrian											305 *
																					Dalaun		305.8 *
				Moscovian																			307
											Westphalian	Westphalian D											307.4 *
												Westphalian C											309.8
												Westphalian B											314.6
				Bashkirian								Westphalian B											315.2
												Westphalian A											317 *
												Westphalian A									Huashibanian		318.5 *
											Namurian	Yeadonian											318.8 *
												Marsdenian											320.2 *
												Marsdenian									Lousuan		321.2 *
												Kinderscoutian											321.5 *
												Alportian											322 *
												Chokierian											323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chokierian									Dewunian		323.2
												Arnsbergian											324 *
												Pendleian											327.4 *
												Pendleian									Shangsian		330.8 *
				Visean							Warnantian	Brigantian †									Shangsian		330.9
											Warnantian	Brigantian †									Jiusian		335 *
											Livian	Asbian †											336.3 *
											Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian											340.2 *
				Tournaisian							Ivorian										Tangbagouan		346.7
				Tournaisian							Hastarian										Tangbagouan		353.7 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian									West Fallsian/Sonyean										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian									Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian									382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Southwoodian	Cazenovian									387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian									Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian									393.3
				Pragian																			407.6
				Lochkovian																			410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli																				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian																			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian																			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian																			427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																			430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian																			433.4
				Aeronian																			438.5
				Rhuddanian																			440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian											Harju	Porkuni					443.8
				Katian		Gamachian												Pirgu					445.2
						Richmondian												Pirgu					446 *
						Richmondian												Vormsi					449.6 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian											Vormsi					449.8 *
						Maysvillian												Nabala	Johvi †				450 *
						Edenian												Nabala					450.4 *
						Edenian											Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian												Rakvere					451.1 *
																		Oandu					452 *
				Sandbian														Keila	Idavere †				453
						Turinian												Keila					453.7 *
																		Haljala					453.9
																		Kukruse					456.4 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor										Kukruse					457 *
																		Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														Uhaku					458.4
Lasnamagi	458.9 *
Aseri	460.4 *
Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
	Kunda								Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
	Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka					467.1 *
				Dapingian											467.3
						Rangerian									469.1 *
	Billingen					Rangerian									469.3 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †							Cassinian †	470
									Latorp †							470.1 *
	Hunneberg															473.7 *
						Tulean										473.9 *
				Tremadocian		Tulean										477.7
						Stairsian										480.3 *
	Varangu					Stairsian										481.3 *
	Varangu					Skullrockian									Demingian †	482 *
	Pakerort															482.2 *
																Mansian †	483.55 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
																						486.3 *
																						486.5
																						487.5
				Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian							489.5
																		Aksaian				490.7 *
																		Sakian				492.2 *
				Paibian											Paibian							494
																				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
																Waergangian †/Youshuanian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.9 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Ayusokkanian				497
				Guzhangian											Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian				499.5
				Drumian								Drumian			500.5			Mayan/Menevian
				Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian				Amgan/Solvan		504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian	509				Amgan/Solvan
												Toyonian				Lenian †		510 *
												Botomian						512.5 *
				Stage 3							Nangaoian	Botomian						514
				Stage 3							Nangaoian	Atdabanian						515.6 *
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian	Tommotian	521
				Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
				Fortunian									Manykaian †	529
				Fortunian							Jinnigian		Manykaian †	530.7
		Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
				Cryogenian															635
				Tonian															720
				Tonian														Karatau	800
			Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
				Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
				Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
				Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																							1400