PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean													Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean													Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian													Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian													Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian													Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian													Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian													Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian													Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Melekhovian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian				Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian								Wordian						264.28
		Wordian							Noginskian	Wordian						264.9 *
		Roadian								Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
									Pavlovoposadian		Cathedralian					276.8 *
											Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian									Hessian			Autunian		283.5
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian		Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian	323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
		Visean			Venevian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Mikhailovian			331.9 *
					Aleksinian			333.7 *
					Tulian			335.8 *
					Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian		Early Mississippian	346.7
					Kizelian			350.7 *
					Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Karakubian			354.4 *
					Upinian			356.3 *
					Malevkian			357.6 *
					Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										Payntonian		486.8 *
										Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Boomerangian			499
		Drumian								Undillan			500.5
		Drumian								Floran			503
		Wuliuan								Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
										Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
										Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Ordian		Waucoban †	509
													510.8 *
											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																538.8