PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128254 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Permian of North America		Cambrian Epochs			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
				Tortonian																			7.246
				Serravallian																			11.63
				Langhian																			13.82
				Burdigalian																			15.98
				Aquitanian																			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
				Bartonian																			37.71
				Lutetian																			41.2
				Ypresian																			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
				Selandian																			59.2
				Danian																			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
				Campanian																			72.1
				Santonian																			83.6
				Coniacian																			86.3
				Turonian																			89.8
				Cenomanian																			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
				Aptian																			113
				Barremian																			121.4
				Hauterivian																			125.77
				Valanginian																			132.6
				Berriasian																			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
				Kimmeridgian																			149.2
				Oxfordian																			154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
				Bathonian																			165.3
				Bajocian																			168.2
				Aalenian																			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
				Pliensbachian																			184.2
				Sinemurian																			192.9
				Hettangian																			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
				Norian																			208.5
				Carnian																			227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
				Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †						254.14
				Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †		Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian									Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian							Wordian									Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian							Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian							Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
																				Filipovian			276.5 *
																				Saraninian			280.1 *
												Hessian								Saraninian			281.9 *
				Artinskian															Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
																				Irginian			285.9 *
											Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								Irginian			286.1 *
																				Burtsevian			287.8 *
				Sakmarian															Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
				Sakmarian															Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
Asselian				Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	Gleedonian	427.4
								Jaagarahu	Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
										Richmondian	Chientangkiangian			446 *
										Richmondian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
										Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian					450.4 *
								Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian					453
										Turinian					453.7 *
								Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
			Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
			Dapingian								Dapingian					467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian	Dapingian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †				Yiyangian	470
		Floian						Tulean							Yiyangian	473.9 *
		Tremadocian													Xinchangian	477.7
													Lianghekou †			477.9 *
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †					482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian					Late Cambrian				485.4
		Stage 10															487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3																	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																			Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																				635
		Tonian																				720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																							1400