PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan						Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai						251.902
														252.4 *
								Chhidru						252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian						Chhidru						254.14
								Kalabagh						255 *
								Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
														265.3 *
								Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian						Amb						266.9
		Roadian												270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian						Kosovian				443.8
		Katian		Gamachian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
				Richmondian						Kralodvorian				446 *
				Richmondian						Berounian				449.7 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian									449.8 *
				Edenian										450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian										451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian										453
				Turinian										453.7 *
				Turinian								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor						Zahorany †/Vinice		457 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
										Arenigian				468
				Rangerian										469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †							470
		Floian		Tulean										473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean						Tremadocian				477.7
				Stairsian										480.3 *
				Skullrockian			Demingian †							482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian										485.4
														487.5