PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America					Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Buntsandstein											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller			Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian						Leine			Wordian								264.28
		Roadian									Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian										Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian										Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian										Nealian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
		Kasimovian																	303.7
		Moscovian																	307
		Bashkirian																	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	323.2
		Visean																	330.9
		Tournaisian																	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							West Fallsian/Sonyean										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Southwoodian	Cazenovian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian									393.3
		Pragian																	407.6
		Lochkovian																	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine					419.2
	Pridoli												Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton					421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood					423
		Gorstian																	425.6
		Gorstian												Buildwas					426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian												Buildwas					427.4
		Homerian											Wych	Woolhope					428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian																	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian																	433.4
		Telychian																	436.3 *
		Aeronian																	438.5
		Aeronian											Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
		Rhuddanian											Cowleigh Park						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian											Kosovian				443.8
		Katian		Gamachian											Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
				Richmondian											Kralodvorian				446 *
				Richmondian											Berounian				449.7 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian														449.8 *
				Edenian															450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian															451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian															453
				Turinian															453.7 *
				Turinian													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor											Zahorany †/Vinice		457 *
																Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian																	458.4
															Dobrotivian				458.5 *
															Oretanian				459.7 *
																Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian														Klabava †			467.3
															Arenigian				468
				Rangerian															469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †												470
		Floian		Tulean															473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean											Tremadocian				477.7
				Stairsian															480.3 *
				Skullrockian			Demingian †												482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian															485.4
																			487.5