International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleOrdovician of North AmericaPermo-Triassic Subages of Eastern EuropeOrdovician of ChinaCentral Paratethys StagesCambrian of AustraliaPermian of Western EuropeCambrian of West AvaloniaCarbo-Permian of the Russian PlatformCretaceous SubepochsOrdovician of Britain
NeogeneMioceneTortonianPannonian7.246
SerravallianSarmatian11.63
Badenian12.8 *
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonian33.9
Bartonian37.71
Lutetian41.2
Ypresian47.8
PaleoceneThanetian56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianSenonian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbianGallic100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
HauterivianNeocomian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianVokhmian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianMelekhovian251.902
WuchiapingianLate Vyatkian/Early VyatkianZechstein254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianLate Severodvinian/Early SeverodvinianRotliegendes259.51
WordianLate Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian264.28
Noginskian264.9 *
RoadianLate Kazanian/Early Kazanian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Pavlovoposadian276.8 *
ArtinskianAutunian283.5
Rusavkinian287.6 *
Sakmarian290.1
Asselian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
KasimovianDorogomilovian303.7
Khamovnikian304.8
Krevyakinian305.8 *
MoscovianMyachkovian307
Podolskian308.9 *
Kashirian311.4 *
Vereian313.8
Melekessian314.8
Bashkirian315.2
Cheremshanian316.9 *
Prikamian318.6 *
Severokeltmian319.9 *
Krasnopolyanian321.2 *
Voznesenian321.9 *
MississippianSerpukhovianZapaltjubian323.2
Protvian324.4 *
Steshevian326.8 *
Tarusian329 *
ViseanVenevian330.9
Mikhailovian331.9 *
Aleksinian333.7 *
Tulian335.8 *
Bobrikian339.9 *
Radaevkian343.4 *
TournaisianKosvian346.7
Kizelian350.7 *
Cherepetian351.9 *
Karakubian354.4 *
Upinian356.3 *
Malevkian357.6 *
Gumerovian358 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianCincinnatianGamachianHirnantianXiaoxita †/ShikouWufeng †AshgillHirnantian443.8
KatianChientangkiangianRawtheyan445.2
Richmondian446 *
Cautleyan448.9 *
Pusgillian449.3 *
Neichianshanian/Hanjiang449.5
CaradocStreffordianOnnian †449.6 *
MaysvillianRocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian449.8 *
Edenian450.4 *
MohawkianChatfieldian451.1 *
Cheneyan451.5 *
Burrellian452.7 *
Sandbian453
Actonian †453.2 *
Turinian453.7 *
Marshbrookian †Woolstonian †454.2 *
Longvillian †455.2 *
Aurelucian456.8 *
WhiterockianCanadian †Chazyan †/Marmor457 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian457.4 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianDarriwilianGuniu †/HuloLlanvirnLlandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn458.4
Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn461.3 *
Hunjiang †Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo466.3 *
DapingianDapingian467.3
ArenigFennian468.4 *
Rangerian469.1 *
Early OrdovicianFloianIbexianBlackhillsianJeffersonian †Cassinian †Yiyangian470
Whitlandian471.1 *
Tulean473.9 *
Moridunian474.3 *
TremadocianXinchangianTremadocMigneintian477.7
Lianghekou †477.9 *
Stairsian480.3 *
Cressagian480.8 *
SkullrockianDemingian †482 *
485 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Datsonian485.4
Payntonian486.8 *
487.5
JiangshanianIverian489.5
PaibianIdamean494
MiaolingianGuzhangianMindyallan497
Arcadian498.4
Boomerangian499
DrumianUndillan500.5
Floran503
WuliuanTempletonian504.5
Ordian507.8 *
Series 2Stage 4Branchian509
510.8 *
Stage 3514
Placentian517.1
TerreneuvianStage 2521
Fortunian529
538.8