PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of England		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian								66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic								100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															Oteke	Puaroan	145
				Kimmeridgian															Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
																			Kawhia	Ohauan	150
																				Heterian	154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian																Temaikan	164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian															Herangi	Ururoan	176
				Pliensbachian																Ururoan	184.2
				Pliensbachian																Aratauran	188.9
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
				Norian																Warepan	208.5
																				Otamitan	217
																				Oretian	221
				Carnian																Oretian	227
				Carnian															Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																Kaihikuan	237
				Ladinian																Etalian	238
				Anisian																Etalian	242
				Anisian																Malakovian	246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Vokhmian						Malakovian	247.2
				Olenekian																Nelsonian	249
				Induan																Nelsonian	251.2
				Induan															DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian										Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian						Dorashamian										Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Waiitian	254.14
																				Puruhauan	254.2
																	Tatarian	Vyatkian		Puruhauan	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
				Wordian										Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Urzhumian		Flettian	264.28
																				Barettian	266
										Murgabian											266.2 *
				Roadian										Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian										Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
																		Irenian/Ufimian		Mangapirian	276
																		Filipovian			276.5 *
										Bolorian								Filipovian			279.8
																		Saraninian			280.1 *
				Artinskian													Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
																		Sarginian		Telfordian	285
																		Irginian			285.9 *
										Yakhtashian								Irginian			286
																		Burtsevian			287.8 *
																		Burtsevian			288.5
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian		Gamachian		443.8
			Katian						Gamachian		445.2
									Richmondian		446 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
							Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian						Chatfieldian			453
									Turinian			453.7 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Dapingian		467.3
	Dapingian		Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean						477.7
							Stairsian						480.3 *
							Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian						485.4
		Stage 10											487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																					635