PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America				Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of the Baltic
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian									Pannonian						7.246
		Serravallian									Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian									Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian										251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian										254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian						Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian							Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian					Midian							Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian							Urzhumian			266.2 *
		Roadian											Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian											Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
							Kubergandian							Filipovian			276.5 *
							Bolorian							Filipovian			279.8
														Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian											Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
														Irginian			285.9 *
							Yakhtashian							Irginian			286
							Yakhtashian							Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian					Asselian						Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
			Uskalykian	294.8
			Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
		Telychian			Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	Chientangkiangian				445.2
							Richmondian	Chientangkiangian				446 *
							Richmondian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian						450.4 *
					Mohawkian		Chatfieldian						451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian						453
							Turinian						453.7 *
					Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian	Dapingian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian		Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
		Floian					Tulean							Yiyangian	473.9 *
		Tremadocian												Xinchangian	477.7
										Lianghekou †					477.9 *
							Stairsian								480.3 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian								485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Branchian	509
		Stage 3													Branchian	514
		Stage 3													Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8