PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale								Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic		Permian Subages of Germany
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian								100.5
								Middle Albian								106.2 *
								Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian								113
		Aptian						Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian								139.8
								Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
								Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
								Late Bajocian				Humphresianum				168.4
								Early Bajocian				Humphresianum				168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
								Late Toarcian								180.1
								Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
								Middle Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
								Early Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian						Sevatian								208.5
								Alaunian								213.2 *
								Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian								227
		Carnian						Julian								233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian								237
		Ladinian						Fassanian								239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian								242
								Pelsonian								243.8 *
								Bithynian								244.7 *
								Aegean								245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Spathian								247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian								248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian								251.2
								Griesbachian								251.4 *
								Griesbachian		Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai					Buntsandstein	251.902
																252.4 *
										Chhidru						252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian								Chhidru						254.14
										Kalabagh						255 *
										Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian													Leine	264.28
																265.3 *
										Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian	266.9							Amb
		Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian			Gamachian		Pirgu		445.2
					Richmondian		Pirgu		446 *
					Richmondian		Vormsi		449.6 *
					Maysvillian		Vormsi		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Maysvillian		Nabala			Johvi †		450 *
					Edenian		Nabala					450.4 *
					Edenian	Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere					451.1 *
							Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian					Keila			Idavere †	453
					Turinian		Keila				453.7 *
							Haljala				453.9
							Kukruse				456.4 *
				Whiterockian			Kukruse		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku					458.4
							Lasnamagi					458.9 *
							Aseri					460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
							Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
					Rangerian								469.1 *
					Rangerian		Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
								Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
					Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean							477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Stairsian		Varangu					481.3 *
					Skullrockian		Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
							Pakerort					Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort						485.4
													486.3 *
						486.5
																487.5