PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian													Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian													Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian													Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian													Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian													Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian													Waipipian		3
				Zanclean													Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean													Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian													Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian													Tongaporutuan		7.246
				Tortonian												Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian													Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian													Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian													Lillburnian		13.82
																	Clifdenian		15.1
																Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian													Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian													Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian													Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Waitakian		23.03
																	Duntroonian		25.2
																	Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
																Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																	Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian													Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian													Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian													Bortonian		41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																	Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian													Heretaungan		47.8
																	Mangaorapan		48.9
																	Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Teurian		56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	66
				Campanian													Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian													Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
																	Mangaotanean		90.5
																	Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian													Arowhanan		93.9
																Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
																	Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													Motuan	Gallic	100.5
																	Urutawan		103.3
																Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian													Korangan		113
				Aptian															117.5
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian														Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian						283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian								Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian						449.8 *
				Edenian							450.4 *
				Mohawkian						Chatfieldian	451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian	453
										Turinian	453.7 *
				Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dapingian									467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian							469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian		Tulean								473.9 *
			Tremadocian		Tulean								477.7
					Stairsian								480.3 *
					Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian								Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian												Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Middle Cambrian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan					Topazan						504.5
			Wuliuan					Delamaran						506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian	Waucoban †	Delamaran					509
			Stage 4					Dyeran					511 *
			Stage 3					Dyeran					514
								Montezuman					514.8 *
								Begadean					519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian						Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau							1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan							1375
																			1400