PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																MN 17	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																MN 16	2.58
				Piacenzian																MN 15	3.2
				Zanclean																MN 15	3.6
																				MN 14	4.2
																				MN 13	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																MN 13	5.333
				Tortonian																MN 12	7.246
																				MN 11	7.75
																				MN 10	8.7
																				MN 9	9.7
																				MN 7 + 8	11.1
				Serravallian																MN 7 + 8	11.63
				Serravallian																MN 6	12.8 *
				Langhian																MN 5	13.82
				Burdigalian																MN 4	15.98
																				MN 3	16.9
																				MN 2	20
				Aquitanian																MN 2	20.44
				Aquitanian																MN 1	22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian														Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
																		Kawhia	Ohauan		150
																			Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian															Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras										168.2
				Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
				Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
											Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							Herangi	Ururoan		176
											Planulata										179.3 *
											Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
											Kanense										181.3 *
											Carlottense										182.3 *
Kunae					183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian	184.2
Freboldi					185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Aratauran	188.9
							189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis		190.3 *
				Sinemurian			192.9
Pseudaetomoceras							Psiloceras	196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian					Warepan	208.5
								Otamitan	217
								Oretian	221
			Carnian					Oretian	227
			Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian					Etalian	238
			Anisian					Etalian	242
			Anisian					Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
			Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian					Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian					Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian					Flettian	264.28
			Wordian					Barettian	266
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Kungurian					Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian					Mangapirian	283.5
								Telfordian	285
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian								Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
			Dapingian											467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian						469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian					Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian	Tulean		473.9 *
			Tremadocian	Tulean		477.7
				Stairsian		480.3 *
				Skullrockian		Demingian †				482 *
						Demingian †				Mansian †			483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
												Payntonian					486.8 *
												Payntonian					487.5
			Jiangshanian									Iverian					489.5
													Aksaian				490.7 *
													Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian									Idamean					494
			Paibian									Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian	497
Boomerangian												499	Ayusokkanian
Boomerangian												Mayan/Menevian	499.5
Drumian			Undillan										500.5
Drumian			Floran										503
Wuliuan			Templetonian									Amgan/Solvan	504.5
Wuliuan			Ordian										507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4											Early Cambrian			509
												Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
												Toyonian				510.8 *
												Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian				514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian				515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2					Tommotian	521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														1000
		Ectasian														1200
		Calymmian														1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian														1600
		Orosirian														1800
		Rhyacian														2050
		Siderian														2300
Archean	Neoarchean															2500
	Mesoarchean															2800
	Paleoarchean															3200
	Eoarchean															3600
Hadean									4000
																					4600