PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean													0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean													0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																Nihewanian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean													0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean													0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian													0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian													0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan													1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †						Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
						Hemphillian													4.7
																		Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
						Clarendonian													9.4
																		Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian													12.5
		Langhian																Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
						Hemingfordian													16.3
						Hemingfordian												Xiejiaan	16.9
						Arikareean													18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25											23.03
		Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21												27.82
						Whitneyan													29.5
						Orellan													31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A												33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A												37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean	MP 16												37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan	MP 16												39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11												41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11												46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7												47.8
						Wasatchian													50.5
						Clarkforkian													54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5											56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian	MP 6												56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian													59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian													60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian													61.6
		Danian				Puercan													63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian	Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian		Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian			Nealian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			Wufeng †	445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang	Kralodvorian					449.5
							Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
							Dobrotivian							458.5 *
							Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
								Sarka †		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian		Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian	Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian	Arenigian							470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian	Tremadocian							477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian	Tremadocian				Lianghekou †			477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian													Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran		514
															Montezuman		514.8 *
															Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																			538.8