PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Britain		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean								Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian											Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian							Pannonian			11.1
		Serravallian											Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian											Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian				Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian			Melekhovian	Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian					Dorashamian				Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian				Laoshanian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian				Laibinian				Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian				Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian									Kuhfengian					264.28
										Noginskian						264.9 *
							Murgabian									266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	Luodianian	273.01
			Kubergandian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
				Longlinian			285.4 *
			Yakhtashian				286
			Yakhtashian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian		303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
					Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian		307
					Podolskian		308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai									509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																538.8