PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian				Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian				Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan								150
								Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian						Warepan								208.5
								Otamitan								217
								Oretian								221
		Carnian						Oretian								227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian						Etalian								238
		Anisian						Etalian								242
		Anisian						Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian								249
		Induan						Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai							251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Kathwai							251.902
																252.4 *
									Chhidru							252.9 *
								Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian						Zechstein		254.14
								Puruhauan								254.2
									Kalabagh							255 *
			Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						264.28
						265.3 *
					Barettian	266
			Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb			266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian							Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian	489.5
														Aksaian	490.7 *
														Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian										Paibian			494
		Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian										Guzhangian			499.5
		Drumian										Drumian		Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian										Drumian		Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian		Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian			509
														Toyonian	510 *
														Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3										Nangaoian		Botomian	514
		Stage 3										Nangaoian		Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Meishucunian		Tommotian	521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian													529
		Fortunian										Jinnigian			530.7
																538.8